a 1$ef@sddlmZddlZddlZddlZddlmZmZddlm Z m Z ddl m Z ddl mZddlmZmZmZd d Zd d Zd dZddZddZddZGdddeZddZGdddeZdS))warnN) DataFrameSeries)box MultiPoint) BaseGeometry)_compat) GeometryArray GeometryDtypepoints_from_xycCstt|ddtrdSdSdS)zh Check if the data is of geometry dtype. Does not include object array of shapely scalars. dtypeNTF) isinstancegetattrr )datarJ/var/www/html/django/DPS/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/geopandas/base.pyis_geometry_typesrcOs|j}t|tr\|r@|j|js@tddd||j\}}n|j}t|j}t|j}n(t|t rrt|j}nt t |t |t |||g|Ri|}||jfS)Nz/The indices of the two GeoSeries are different. stacklevel) geometryr GeoPandasBaseindexequalsralignr valuesr TypeErrortyper)opthisotherrargskwargsa_thisrrrr_delegate_binary_methods      r%cCs.ddlm}t||||\}}||||jdS)z>Binary operation on GeoSeries objects that returns a GeoSeriesr GeoSeriesrcrs) geoseriesr'r%r))rr r!rr'Zgeomsrrrr _binary_geo3s r+cOs,t||||g|Ri|\}}t||dS)z;Binary operation on GeoSeries objects that returns a Seriesr)r%r)rr r!rr"r#rrrrr _binary_op<s r-cCsPt|jj}t||}t|tr>ddlm}|||j|jdSt ||jdSdS)Nrr&r(r,) r rrrrr*r'rr)r)rr r$rr'rrr_delegate_propertyCs     r.cOs>ddlm}t|jj}t|||i|}|||j|jdS)z(Unary operation that returns a GeoSeriesrr&r()r*r'r rrrrr))rr r"r#r'r$rrrr_delegate_geo_methodOs  r/c@seZdZeddZeddZejddZeddZedd Zed d Z ed d Z eddZ eddZ eddZ eddZeddZeddZdddZeddZdd d!Zed"d#Zd$d%Zed&d'Zd(d)Zdd-d.Zed/d0Zdd1d2Zd3d4Zd5d6Zd7d8Zd9d:Zd;d<Zd=d>Z d?d@Z!edAdBZ"edCdDZ#ddFdGZ$ddHdIZ%ddKdLZ&ddMdNZ'ddOdPZ(ddQdRZ)ddSdTZ*ddUdVZ+ddWdXZ,ddYdZZ-dd[d\Z.dd]d^Z/dd_d`Z0ddbdcZ1ddddeZ2ddfdgZ3ddhdiZ4ddjdkZ5ddldmZ6dndoZ7ddpdqZ8edrdsZ9edtduZ:edvdwZ;edxdyZdddZ?dddZ@dddZAddZBdddZCdddZDdddZEdddZFeddZGdddZHdddZIdddZJdaS)rcCs td|S)aReturns a ``Series`` containing the area of each geometry in the ``GeoSeries`` expressed in the units of the CRS. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... Polygon([(10, 0), (10, 5), (0, 0)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (2, 0)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... Point(0, 1) ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 1 POLYGON ((10.00000 0.00000, 10.00000 5.00000, ... 2 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 2.... 3 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s.area 0 0.5 1 25.0 2 2.0 3 0.0 4 0.0 dtype: float64 See also -------- GeoSeries.length : measure length Notes ----- Area may be invalid for a geographic CRS using degrees as units; use :meth:`GeoSeries.to_crs` to project geometries to a planar CRS before using this function. Every operation in GeoPandas is planar, i.e. the potential third dimension is not taken into account. arear.selfrrrr0Zs/zGeoPandasBase.areacCs |jjjS)a The Coordinate Reference System (CRS) represented as a ``pyproj.CRS`` object. Returns None if the CRS is not set, and to set the value it :getter: Returns a ``pyproj.CRS`` or None. When setting, the value can be anything accepted by :meth:`pyproj.CRS.from_user_input() `, such as an authority string (eg "EPSG:4326") or a WKT string. Examples -------- >>> s.crs # doctest: +SKIP Name: WGS 84 Axis Info [ellipsoidal]: - Lat[north]: Geodetic latitude (degree) - Lon[east]: Geodetic longitude (degree) Area of Use: - name: World - bounds: (-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0) Datum: World Geodetic System 1984 - Ellipsoid: WGS 84 - Prime Meridian: Greenwich See also -------- GeoSeries.set_crs : assign CRS GeoSeries.to_crs : re-project to another CRS rrr)r2rrrr)s!zGeoPandasBase.crscCs||jj_dS)zSets the value of the crsNr4)r3valuerrrr)scCs td|S)a Returns a ``Series`` of strings specifying the `Geometry Type` of each object. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Point, Polygon, LineString >>> d = {'geometry': [Point(2, 1), Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1)])]} >>> gdf = geopandas.GeoDataFrame(d, crs="EPSG:4326") >>> gdf.geom_type 0 Point 1 Polygon 2 LineString dtype: object geom_typer1r2rrrr6szGeoPandasBase.geom_typecCs|jS)z:Return the geometry type of each geometry in the GeoSeries)r6r2rrrrszGeoPandasBase.typecCs td|S)a1Returns a ``Series`` containing the length of each geometry expressed in the units of the CRS. In the case of a (Multi)Polygon it measures the length of its exterior (i.e. perimeter). Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, MultiLineString, Point, GeometryCollection >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(10, 0), (10, 5), (0, 0)]), ... MultiLineString([((0, 0), (1, 0)), ((-1, 0), (1, 0))]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... GeometryCollection([Point(1, 0), LineString([(10, 0), (10, 5), (0, 0)])]) ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 1 LINESTRING (10.00000 0.00000, 10.00000 5.00000... 2 MULTILINESTRING ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 0.0... 3 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) 5 GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POINT (1.00000 0.00000), L... dtype: geometry >>> s.length 0 2.414214 1 16.180340 2 3.000000 3 3.414214 4 0.000000 5 16.180340 dtype: float64 See also -------- GeoSeries.area : measure area of a polygon Notes ----- Length may be invalid for a geographic CRS using degrees as units; use :meth:`GeoSeries.to_crs` to project geometries to a planar CRS before using this function. Every operation in GeoPandas is planar, i.e. the potential third dimension is not taken into account. lengthr1r2rrrr7s8zGeoPandasBase.lengthcCs td|S)aReturns a ``Series`` of ``dtype('bool')`` with value ``True`` for geometries that are valid. Examples -------- An example with one invalid polygon (a bowtie geometry crossing itself) and one missing geometry: >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... Polygon([(0,0), (1, 1), (1, 0), (0, 1)]), # bowtie geometry ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (2, 0)]), ... None ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 1.... 2 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 2.... 3 None dtype: geometry >>> s.is_valid 0 True 1 False 2 True 3 False dtype: bool is_validr1r2rrrr8s#zGeoPandasBase.is_validcCs td|S)a Returns a ``Series`` of ``dtype('bool')`` with value ``True`` for empty geometries. Examples -------- An example of a GeoDataFrame with one empty point, one point and one missing value: >>> from shapely.geometry import Point >>> d = {'geometry': [Point(), Point(2, 1), None]} >>> gdf = geopandas.GeoDataFrame(d, crs="EPSG:4326") >>> gdf geometry 0 POINT EMPTY 1 POINT (2.00000 1.00000) 2 None >>> gdf.is_empty 0 True 1 False 2 False dtype: bool See Also -------- GeoSeries.isna : detect missing values is_emptyr1r2rrrr9+szGeoPandasBase.is_emptycCs td|S)aReturns a ``Series`` of ``dtype('bool')`` with value ``True`` for geometries that do not cross themselves. This is meaningful only for `LineStrings` and `LinearRings`. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import LineString >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, -1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, -1)]), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... dtype: geometry >>> s.is_simple 0 False 1 True dtype: bool is_simpler1r2rrrr:JszGeoPandasBase.is_simplecCs td|S)a8Returns a ``Series`` of ``dtype('bool')`` with value ``True`` for features that are closed. When constructing a LinearRing, the sequence of coordinates may be explicitly closed by passing identical values in the first and last indices. Otherwise, the sequence will be implicitly closed by copying the first tuple to the last index. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import LineString, LinearRing >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, -1)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, -1), (0, 0)]), ... LinearRing([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, -1)]), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 2 LINEARRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... dtype: geometry >>> s.is_ring 0 False 1 True 2 True dtype: bool is_ringr1r2rrrr;fs!zGeoPandasBase.is_ringcCs td|S)aReturns a ``Series`` of ``dtype('bool')`` with value ``True`` for features that have a z-component. Notes ----- Every operation in GeoPandas is planar, i.e. the potential third dimension is not taken into account. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Point(0, 1), ... Point(0, 1, 2), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) 1 POINT Z (0.00000 1.00000 2.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s.has_z 0 False 1 True dtype: bool has_zr1r2rrrr<szGeoPandasBase.has_zcCs td|S)aReturns a ``GeoSeries`` of lower dimensional objects representing each geometry's set-theoretic `boundary`. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)]), ... Point(0, 0), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 2 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s.boundary 0 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 1 MULTIPOINT (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 0.00000) 2 GEOMETRYCOLLECTION EMPTY dtype: geometry See also -------- GeoSeries.exterior : outer boundary (without interior rings) boundaryr1r2rrrr=s!zGeoPandasBase.boundarycCs td|S)aReturns a ``GeoSeries`` of points representing the centroid of each geometry. Note that centroid does not have to be on or within original geometry. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)]), ... Point(0, 0), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 2 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s.centroid 0 POINT (0.33333 0.66667) 1 POINT (0.70711 0.50000) 2 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry See also -------- GeoSeries.representative_point : point guaranteed to be within each geometry centroidr1r2rrrr>s"zGeoPandasBase.centroidFcCstd|||dS)a Returns a ``GeoSeries`` of geometries representing the concave hull of each geometry. The concave hull of a geometry is the smallest concave `Polygon` containing all the points in each geometry, unless the number of points in the geometric object is less than three. For two points, the concave hull collapses to a `LineString`; for 1, a `Point`. The hull is constructed by removing border triangles of the Delaunay Triangulation of the points as long as their "size" is larger than the maximum edge length ratio and optionally allowing holes. The edge length factor is a fraction of the length difference between the longest and shortest edges in the Delaunay Triangulation of the input points. For further information on the algorithm used, see https://libgeos.org/doxygen/classgeos_1_1algorithm_1_1hull_1_1ConcaveHull.html Parameters ---------- ratio : float, (optional, default 0.0) Number in the range [0, 1]. Higher numbers will include fewer vertices in the hull. allow_holes : bool, (optional, default False) If set to True, the concave hull may have holes. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point, MultiPoint >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)]), ... MultiPoint([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1), (1, 0), (0.5, 0.5)]), ... MultiPoint([(0, 0), (1, 1)]), ... Point(0, 0), ... ], ... crs=3857 ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.000 0.000, 1.000 1.000, 0.000 1.00... 1 LINESTRING (0.000 0.000, 1.000 1.000, 1.000 0.... 2 MULTIPOINT (0.000 0.000, 1.000 1.000, 0.000 1.... 3 MULTIPOINT (0.000 0.000, 1.000 1.000) 4 POINT (0.000 0.000) dtype: geometry >>> s.concave_hull() 0 POLYGON ((0.000 1.000, 1.000 1.000, 0.000 0.00... 1 POLYGON ((0.000 0.000, 1.000 1.000, 1.000 0.00... 2 POLYGON ((0.500 0.500, 0.000 1.000, 1.000 1.00... 3 LINESTRING (0.000 0.000, 1.000 1.000) 4 POINT (0.000 0.000) dtype: geometry See also -------- GeoSeries.convex_hull : convex hull geometry concave_hull)ratio allow_holesr/)r3rArBrrrr@s<zGeoPandasBase.concave_hullcCs td|S)aReturns a ``GeoSeries`` of geometries representing the convex hull of each geometry. The convex hull of a geometry is the smallest convex `Polygon` containing all the points in each geometry, unless the number of points in the geometric object is less than three. For two points, the convex hull collapses to a `LineString`; for 1, a `Point`. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point, MultiPoint >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)]), ... MultiPoint([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1), (1, 0), (0.5, 0.5)]), ... MultiPoint([(0, 0), (1, 1)]), ... Point(0, 0), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 2 MULTIPOINT (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 3 MULTIPOINT (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s.convex_hull 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 1.00000, 1.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 1.... 2 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 1.00000, 1.... 3 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry See also -------- GeoSeries.concave_hull : concave hull geometry GeoSeries.envelope : bounding rectangle geometry convex_hullr1r2rrrrD3s-zGeoPandasBase.convex_hullcCstd|||S)aRReturns a ``GeoSeries`` consisting of objects representing the computed Delaunay triangulation around the vertices of an input geometry. The output is a ``GeometryCollection`` containing polygons (default) or linestrings (see only_edges). Returns an empty GeometryCollection if an input geometry contains less than 3 vertices. Parameters ---------- tolerance : float | array-like, default 0.0 Snap input vertices together if their distance is less than this value. only_edges : bool | array_like, (optional, default False) If set to True, the triangulation will return a collection of linestrings instead of polygons. Examples -------- >>> from shapely import LineString, MultiPoint, Polygon >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... MultiPoint([(50, 30), (60, 30), (100, 100)]), ... Polygon([(50, 30), (60, 30), (100, 100), (50, 30)]), ... LineString([(50, 30), (60, 30), (100, 100)]), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 MULTIPOINT (50.000 30.000, 60.000 30.000, 100.... 1 POLYGON ((50.000 30.000, 60.000 30.000, 100.00... 2 LINESTRING (50.000 30.000, 60.000 30.000, 100.... dtype: geometry >>> s.delaunay_triangles() 0 GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POLYGON ((50.000 30.000, 6... 1 GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POLYGON ((50.000 30.000, 6... 2 GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POLYGON ((50.000 30.000, 6... dtype: geometry >>> s.delaunay_triangles(only_edges=True) 0 MULTILINESTRING ((50.000 30.000, 100.000 100.0... 1 MULTILINESTRING ((50.000 30.000, 100.000 100.0... 2 MULTILINESTRING ((50.000 30.000, 100.000 100.0... dtype: geometry delaunay_trianglesrC)r3 toleranceZ only_edgesrrrrEbs0z GeoPandasBase.delaunay_trianglescCs td|S)abReturns a ``GeoSeries`` of geometries representing the envelope of each geometry. The envelope of a geometry is the bounding rectangle. That is, the point or smallest rectangular polygon (with sides parallel to the coordinate axes) that contains the geometry. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point, MultiPoint >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)]), ... MultiPoint([(0, 0), (1, 1)]), ... Point(0, 0), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 2 MULTIPOINT (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000) 3 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s.envelope 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 0.00000, 1.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 0.00000, 1.... 2 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 0.00000, 1.... 3 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry See also -------- GeoSeries.convex_hull : convex hull geometry enveloper1r2rrrrGs'zGeoPandasBase.envelopecCs td|S)aReturns a ``GeoSeries`` of the general minimum bounding rectangle that contains the object. Unlike envelope this rectangle is not constrained to be parallel to the coordinate axes. If the convex hull of the object is a degenerate (line or point) this degenerate is returned. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point, MultiPoint >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)]), ... MultiPoint([(0, 0), (1, 1)]), ... Point(0, 0), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 2 MULTIPOINT (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000) 3 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s.minimum_rotated_rectangle() 0 POLYGON ((1.00000 1.00000, 0.50000 1.50000, -0... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 0.50000 -0.50000, 1... 2 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000) 3 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry See also -------- GeoSeries.envelope : bounding rectangle minimum_rotated_rectanglerCr2rrrrHs&z'GeoPandasBase.minimum_rotated_rectanglecCs td|S)aReturns a ``GeoSeries`` of LinearRings representing the outer boundary of each polygon in the GeoSeries. Applies to GeoSeries containing only Polygons. Returns ``None``` for other geometry types. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... Polygon([(1, 0), (2, 1), (0, 0)]), ... Point(0, 1) ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 1 POLYGON ((1.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 1.00000, 0.... 2 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s.exterior 0 LINEARRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 1 LINEARRING (1.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 1.00000, ... 2 None dtype: geometry See also -------- GeoSeries.boundary : complete set-theoretic boundary GeoSeries.interiors : list of inner rings of each polygon exteriorr1r2rrrrIs%zGeoPandasBase.exteriorcCs td|S)a~Returns a ``GeoSeries`` of MultiPoints representing all distinct vertices of an input geometry. Examples -------- >>> from shapely import LineString, Polygon >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... LineString([(0, 0), (0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 1)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 1)]) ... ], ... crs=3857 ... ) >>> s 0 LINESTRING (0.000 0.000, 0.000 0.000, 1.000 1.... 1 POLYGON ((0.000 0.000, 0.000 0.000, 1.000 1.00... dtype: geometry >>> s.extract_unique_points() 0 MULTIPOINT (0.000 0.000, 1.000 1.000) 1 MULTIPOINT (0.000 0.000, 1.000 1.000) dtype: geometry See also -------- GeoSeries.get_coordinates : extract coordinates as a :class:`~pandas.DataFrame` extract_unique_pointsrCr2rrrrJ sz#GeoPandasBase.extract_unique_pointsround@cCstd|||||dS)arReturns a ``LineString`` or ``MultiLineString`` geometry at a distance from the object on its right or its left side. Parameters ---------- distance : float | array-like Specifies the offset distance from the input geometry. Negative for right side offset, positive for left side offset. quad_segs : int (optional, default 8) Specifies the number of linear segments in a quarter circle in the approximation of circular arcs. join_style : {'round', 'bevel', 'mitre'}, (optional, default 'round') Specifies the shape of outside corners. 'round' results in rounded shapes. 'bevel' results in a beveled edge that touches the original vertex. 'mitre' results in a single vertex that is beveled depending on the ``mitre_limit`` parameter. mitre_limit : float (optional, default 5.0) Crops of 'mitre'-style joins if the point is displaced from the buffered vertex by more than this limit. See http://shapely.readthedocs.io/en/latest/manual.html#object.offset_curve for details. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import LineString >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... LineString([(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1)]), ... ], ... crs=3857 ... ) >>> s 0 LINESTRING (0.000 0.000, 0.000 1.000, 1.000 1.... dtype: geometry >>> s.offset_curve(1) 0 LINESTRING (-1.000 0.000, -1.000 1.000, -0.981... dtype: geometry offset_curve) quad_segs join_style mitre_limitrC)r3distancerOrPrQrrrrN,s)zGeoPandasBase.offset_curvecCs td|S)abReturns a ``Series`` of List representing the inner rings of each polygon in the GeoSeries. Applies to GeoSeries containing only Polygons. Returns ------- inner_rings: Series of List Inner rings of each polygon in the GeoSeries. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon( ... [(0, 0), (0, 5), (5, 5), (5, 0)], ... [[(1, 1), (2, 1), (1, 2)], [(1, 4), (2, 4), (2, 3)]], ... ), ... Polygon([(1, 0), (2, 1), (0, 0)]), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 5.00000, 5.... 1 POLYGON ((1.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 1.00000, 0.... dtype: geometry >>> s.interiors 0 [LINEARRING (1 1, 2 1, 1 2, 1 1), LINEARRING (... 1 [] dtype: object See also -------- GeoSeries.exterior : outer boundary interiorsr1r2rrrrS^s'zGeoPandasBase.interiorscCstd||dS)aReturns a ``GeoSeries`` containing a copy of the input geometry with repeated points removed. From the start of the coordinate sequence, each next point within the tolerance is removed. Removing repeated points with a non-zero tolerance may result in an invalid geometry being returned. Parameters ---------- tolerance : float, default 0.0 Remove all points within this distance of each other. Use 0.0 to remove only exactly repeated points (the default). Examples -------- >>> from shapely import LineString, Polygon >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... LineString([(0, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (0, 0.5), (0, 1), (0.5, 1), (0,0)]), ... ], ... crs=3857 ... ) >>> s 0 LINESTRING (0.000 0.000, 0.000 0.000, 1.000 0.... 1 POLYGON ((0.000 0.000, 0.000 0.500, 0.000 1.00... dtype: geometry >>> s.remove_repeated_points(tolerance=0.0) 0 LINESTRING (0.000 0.000, 1.000 0.000) 1 POLYGON ((0.000 0.000, 0.000 0.500, 0.000 1.00... dtype: geometry remove_repeated_points)rFrC)r3rFrrrrTs%z$GeoPandasBase.remove_repeated_pointscCs td|S)aReturns a ``GeoSeries`` of (cheaply computed) points that are guaranteed to be within each geometry. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)]), ... Point(0, 0), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 2 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s.representative_point() 0 POINT (0.25000 0.50000) 1 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 2 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry See also -------- GeoSeries.centroid : geometric centroid representative_pointrCr2rrrrUsz"GeoPandasBase.representative_pointcCs td|S)aReturns a ``GeoSeries`` of geometries representing the minimum bounding circle that encloses each geometry. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1), (0, 0)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)]), ... Point(0, 0), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 2 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s.minimum_bounding_circle() 0 POLYGON ((1.20711 0.50000, 1.19352 0.36205, 1.... 1 POLYGON ((1.20711 0.50000, 1.19352 0.36205, 1.... 2 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry See also -------- GeoSeries.convex_hull : convex hull geometry minimum_bounding_circlerCr2rrrrVsz%GeoPandasBase.minimum_bounding_circlecCst|jj|jdS)aReturns a `Series` of the radii of the minimum bounding circles that enclose each geometry. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Point, LineString, Polygon >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1), (0, 0)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)]), ... Point(0,0), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 2 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s.minimum_bounding_radius() 0 0.707107 1 0.707107 2 0.000000 dtype: float64 See also -------- GeoSeries.minumum_bounding_circle : minimum bounding circle (geometry) r,)rrrminimum_bounding_radiusrr2rrrrWsz%GeoPandasBase.minimum_bounding_radiuscCs td|S)a~Returns a ``GeoSeries`` of normalized geometries to normal form (or canonical form). This method orders the coordinates, rings of a polygon and parts of multi geometries consistently. Typically useful for testing purposes (for example in combination with `equals_exact`). Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)]), ... Point(0, 0), ... ], ... crs='EPSG:3857' ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.000 0.000, 1.000 1.000, 0.000 1.00... 1 LINESTRING (0.000 0.000, 1.000 1.000, 1.000 0.... 2 POINT (0.000 0.000) dtype: geometry >>> s.normalize() 0 POLYGON ((0.000 0.000, 0.000 1.000, 1.000 1.00... 1 LINESTRING (0.000 0.000, 1.000 1.000, 1.000 0.... 2 POINT (0.000 0.000) dtype: geometry normalizerCr2rrrrXs zGeoPandasBase.normalizecCs td|S)a Repairs invalid geometries. Returns a ``GeoSeries`` with valid geometries. If the input geometry is already valid, then it will be preserved. In many cases, in order to create a valid geometry, the input geometry must be split into multiple parts or multiple geometries. If the geometry must be split into multiple parts of the same type to be made valid, then a multi-part geometry will be returned (e.g. a MultiPolygon). If the geometry must be split into multiple parts of different types to be made valid, then a GeometryCollection will be returned. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import MultiPolygon, Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (0, 2), (1, 1), (2, 2), (2, 0), (1, 1), (0, 0)]), ... Polygon([(0, 2), (0, 1), (2, 0), (0, 0), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)]), ... ], ... crs='EPSG:3857', ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.000 0.000, 0.000 2.000, 1.000 1.00... 1 POLYGON ((0.000 2.000, 0.000 1.000, 2.000 0.00... 2 LINESTRING (0.000 0.000, 1.000 1.000, 1.000 0.... dtype: geometry >>> s.make_valid() 0 MULTIPOLYGON (((1.000 1.000, 0.000 0.000, 0.00... 1 GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POLYGON ((2.000 0.000, 0.0... 2 LINESTRING (0.000 0.000, 1.000 1.000, 1.000 0.... dtype: geometry make_validrCr2rrrrY2s%zGeoPandasBase.make_validcCs td|S)aReturns a ``GeoSeries`` with the order of coordinates reversed. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)]), ... Point(0, 0), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 2 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s.reverse() 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 1.00000, 1.... 1 LINESTRING (1.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, ... 2 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry See also -------- GeoSeries.normalize : normalize order of coordinates reverserCr2rrrrZYszGeoPandasBase.reversecCs td||S)aReturns a ``GeoSeries`` with vertices added to line segments based on maximum segment length. Additional vertices will be added to every line segment in an input geometry so that segments are no longer than the provided maximum segment length. New vertices will evenly subdivide each segment. Only linear components of input geometries are densified; other geometries are returned unmodified. Parameters ---------- max_segment_length : float | array-like Additional vertices will be added so that all line segments are no longer than this value. Must be greater than 0. Returns ------- GeoSeries Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... LineString([(0, 0), (0, 10)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (10, 0), (10, 10), (0, 10), (0, 0)]), ... ], ... crs=3857 ... ) >>> s 0 LINESTRING (0.000 0.000, 0.000 10.000) 1 POLYGON ((0.000 0.000, 10.000 0.000, 10.000 10... dtype: geometry >>> s.segmentize(max_segment_length=5) 0 LINESTRING (0.000 0.000, 0.000 5.000, 0.000 10... 1 POLYGON ((0.000 0.000, 5.000 0.000, 10.000 0.0... dtype: geometry segmentizerC)r3Zmax_segment_lengthrrrr[ys'zGeoPandasBase.segmentizecCstdtdd|jjS)z%Deprecated: use `unary_union` insteadzGThe 'cascaded_union' attribute is deprecated, use 'unary_union' insteadr)r FutureWarningrr unary_unionr2rrrcascaded_unions zGeoPandasBase.cascaded_unioncCs |jjS)a Returns a geometry containing the union of all geometries in the ``GeoSeries``. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import box >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries([box(0,0,1,1), box(0,0,2,2)]) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((1.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 1 POLYGON ((2.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... dtype: geometry >>> union = s.unary_union >>> print(union) POLYGON ((0 1, 0 2, 2 2, 2 0, 1 0, 0 0, 0 1)) )rrr^r2rrrr^szGeoPandasBase.unary_unionTcCstd|||S)uReturns a ``Series`` of ``dtype('bool')`` with value ``True`` for each aligned geometry that contains `other`. An object is said to contain `other` if at least one point of `other` lies in the interior and no points of `other` lie in the exterior of the object. (Therefore, any given polygon does not contain its own boundary – there is not any point that lies in the interior.) If either object is empty, this operation returns ``False``. This is the inverse of :meth:`within` in the sense that the expression ``a.contains(b) == b.within(a)`` always evaluates to ``True``. The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : GeoSeries or geometric object The GeoSeries (elementwise) or geometric object to test if it is contained. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- Series (bool) Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (0, 1)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... index=range(0, 4), ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... index=range(1, 5), ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 2 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 1.00000) 3 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 2 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 2.00000, 0.... 3 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry We can check if each geometry of GeoSeries contains a single geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> point = Point(0, 1) >>> s.contains(point) 0 False 1 True 2 False 3 True dtype: bool We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and compare elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and compare elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s2.contains(s, align=True) 0 False 1 False 2 False 3 True 4 False dtype: bool >>> s2.contains(s, align=False) 1 True 2 False 3 True 4 True dtype: bool Notes ----- This method works in a row-wise manner. It does not check if an element of one GeoSeries ``contains`` *any* element of the other one. See also -------- GeoSeries.within containsr-r3r!rrrrr`sqzGeoPandasBase.containscCstd|||S)aU Returns a ``Series`` of ``dtype('bool')`` with value ``True`` for each aligned geometry equal to `other`. An object is said to be equal to `other` if its set-theoretic `boundary`, `interior`, and `exterior` coincides with those of the other. The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : GeoSeries or geometric object The GeoSeries (elementwise) or geometric object to test for equality. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- Series (bool) Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 2), (0, 2)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... LineString([(0, 0), (0, 2)]), ... ], ... index=range(1, 5), ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 2.00000, 0.... 2 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 3 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 2 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 2.00000, 0.... 3 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) 4 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) dtype: geometry We can check if each geometry of GeoSeries contains a single geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> polygon = Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]) >>> s.geom_equals(polygon) 0 True 1 False 2 False 3 False dtype: bool We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and compare elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and compare elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s.geom_equals(s2) 0 False 1 False 2 False 3 True 4 False dtype: bool >>> s.geom_equals(s2, align=False) 0 True 1 True 2 False 3 False dtype: bool Notes ----- This method works in a row-wise manner. It does not check if an element of one GeoSeries is equal to *any* element of the other one. See also -------- GeoSeries.geom_equals_exact geom_equalsrarbrrrrc<slzGeoPandasBase.geom_equalscCs0tjdtdddd| }td||||dS)a8Returns a ``Series`` of ``dtype('bool')`` with value ``True`` if each aligned geometry is approximately equal to `other`. Approximate equality is tested at all points to the specified `decimal` place precision. The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : GeoSeries or geometric object The GeoSeries (elementwise) or geometric object to compare to. decimal : int Decimal place precision used when testing for approximate equality. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- Series (bool) Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Point(0, 1.1), ... Point(0, 1.01), ... Point(0, 1.001), ... ], ... ) >>> s 0 POINT (0.00000 1.10000) 1 POINT (0.00000 1.01000) 2 POINT (0.00000 1.00100) dtype: geometry >>> s.geom_almost_equals(Point(0, 1), decimal=2) 0 False 1 False 2 True dtype: bool >>> s.geom_almost_equals(Point(0, 1), decimal=1) 0 False 1 True 2 True dtype: bool Notes ----- This method works in a row-wise manner. It does not check if an element of one GeoSeries is equal to *any* element of the other one. See also -------- GeoSeries.geom_equals GeoSeries.geom_equals_exact zThe 'geom_almost_equals()' method is deprecated because the name is confusing. The 'geom_equals_exact()' method should be used instead.r\rg? geom_equals_exactrFr)warningsrr]r-)r3r!decimalrrFrrrgeom_almost_equalssC z GeoPandasBase.geom_almost_equalscCstd||||dS)aReturn True for all geometries that equal aligned *other* to a given tolerance, else False. The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : GeoSeries or geometric object The GeoSeries (elementwise) or geometric object to compare to. tolerance : float Decimal place precision used when testing for approximate equality. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- Series (bool) Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Point(0, 1.1), ... Point(0, 1.0), ... Point(0, 1.2), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POINT (0.00000 1.10000) 1 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) 2 POINT (0.00000 1.20000) dtype: geometry >>> s.geom_equals_exact(Point(0, 1), tolerance=0.1) 0 False 1 True 2 False dtype: bool >>> s.geom_equals_exact(Point(0, 1), tolerance=0.15) 0 True 1 True 2 False dtype: bool Notes ----- This method works in a row-wise manner. It does not check if an element of one GeoSeries is equal to *any* element of the other one. See also -------- GeoSeries.geom_equals rfrgra)r3r!rFrrrrrfs> zGeoPandasBase.geom_equals_exactcCstd|||S)a Returns a ``Series`` of ``dtype('bool')`` with value ``True`` for each aligned geometry that cross `other`. An object is said to cross `other` if its `interior` intersects the `interior` of the other but does not contain it, and the dimension of the intersection is less than the dimension of the one or the other. The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : GeoSeries or geometric object The GeoSeries (elementwise) or geometric object to test if is crossed. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- Series (bool) Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (2, 2)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... LineString([(1, 0), (1, 3)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(1, 1), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... index=range(1, 5), ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000) 2 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 3 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 LINESTRING (1.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 3.00000) 2 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 3 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry We can check if each geometry of GeoSeries crosses a single geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> line = LineString([(-1, 1), (3, 1)]) >>> s.crosses(line) 0 True 1 True 2 True 3 False dtype: bool We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and compare elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and compare elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s.crosses(s2, align=True) 0 False 1 True 2 False 3 False 4 False dtype: bool >>> s.crosses(s2, align=False) 0 True 1 True 2 False 3 False dtype: bool Notice that a line does not cross a point that it contains. Notes ----- This method works in a row-wise manner. It does not check if an element of one GeoSeries ``crosses`` *any* element of the other one. See also -------- GeoSeries.disjoint GeoSeries.intersects crossesrarbrrrrk:sozGeoPandasBase.crossescCstd|||S)a= Returns a ``Series`` of ``dtype('bool')`` with value ``True`` for each aligned geometry disjoint to `other`. An object is said to be disjoint to `other` if its `boundary` and `interior` does not intersect at all with those of the other. The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : GeoSeries or geometric object The GeoSeries (elementwise) or geometric object to test if is disjoint. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- Series (bool) Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (2, 2)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(-1, 0), (-1, 2), (0, -2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (0, 1)]), ... Point(1, 1), ... Point(0, 0), ... ], ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000) 2 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 3 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 0 POLYGON ((-1.00000 0.00000, -1.00000 2.00000, ... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 1.00000) 2 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 3 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry We can check each geometry of GeoSeries to a single geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> line = LineString([(0, 0), (2, 0)]) >>> s.disjoint(line) 0 False 1 False 2 False 3 True dtype: bool We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and compare elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and compare elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s.disjoint(s2) 0 True 1 False 2 False 3 True dtype: bool Notes ----- This method works in a row-wise manner. It does not check if an element of one GeoSeries is equal to *any* element of the other one. See also -------- GeoSeries.intersects GeoSeries.touches disjointrarbrrrrlsczGeoPandasBase.disjointcCstd|||S)aW Returns a ``Series`` of ``dtype('bool')`` with value ``True`` for each aligned geometry that intersects `other`. An object is said to intersect `other` if its `boundary` and `interior` intersects in any way with those of the other. The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : GeoSeries or geometric object The GeoSeries (elementwise) or geometric object to test if is intersected. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- Series (bool) Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (2, 2)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... LineString([(1, 0), (1, 3)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(1, 1), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... index=range(1, 5), ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000) 2 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 3 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 LINESTRING (1.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 3.00000) 2 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 3 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry We can check if each geometry of GeoSeries crosses a single geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> line = LineString([(-1, 1), (3, 1)]) >>> s.intersects(line) 0 True 1 True 2 True 3 True dtype: bool We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and compare elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and compare elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s.intersects(s2, align=True) 0 False 1 True 2 True 3 False 4 False dtype: bool >>> s.intersects(s2, align=False) 0 True 1 True 2 True 3 True dtype: bool Notes ----- This method works in a row-wise manner. It does not check if an element of one GeoSeries ``crosses`` *any* element of the other one. See also -------- GeoSeries.disjoint GeoSeries.crosses GeoSeries.touches GeoSeries.intersection intersectsrarbrrrrmsmzGeoPandasBase.intersectscCstd|||S)a Returns True for all aligned geometries that overlap *other*, else False. Geometries overlaps if they have more than one but not all points in common, have the same dimension, and the intersection of the interiors of the geometries has the same dimension as the geometries themselves. The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : GeoSeries or geometric object The GeoSeries (elementwise) or geometric object to test if overlaps. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- Series (bool) Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, MultiPoint, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (2, 2)]), ... MultiPoint([(0, 0), (0, 1)]), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 1), (1, 1)]), ... LineString([(1, 1), (3, 3)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... index=range(1, 5), ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 2 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000) 3 MULTIPOINT (0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 0.00000, 0.... 2 LINESTRING (0.00000 1.00000, 1.00000 1.00000) 3 LINESTRING (1.00000 1.00000, 3.00000 3.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry We can check if each geometry of GeoSeries overlaps a single geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> polygon = Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]) >>> s.overlaps(polygon) 0 True 1 True 2 False 3 False dtype: bool We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and compare elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and compare elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s.overlaps(s2) 0 False 1 True 2 False 3 False 4 False dtype: bool >>> s.overlaps(s2, align=False) 0 True 1 False 2 True 3 False dtype: bool Notes ----- This method works in a row-wise manner. It does not check if an element of one GeoSeries ``overlaps`` *any* element of the other one. See also -------- GeoSeries.crosses GeoSeries.intersects overlapsrarbrrrrnsmzGeoPandasBase.overlapscCstd|||S)a Returns a ``Series`` of ``dtype('bool')`` with value ``True`` for each aligned geometry that touches `other`. An object is said to touch `other` if it has at least one point in common with `other` and its interior does not intersect with any part of the other. Overlapping features therefore do not touch. The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : GeoSeries or geometric object The GeoSeries (elementwise) or geometric object to test if is touched. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- Series (bool) Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, MultiPoint, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (2, 2)]), ... MultiPoint([(0, 0), (0, 1)]), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (-2, 0), (0, -2)]), ... LineString([(0, 1), (1, 1)]), ... LineString([(1, 1), (3, 0)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... index=range(1, 5), ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 2 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000) 3 MULTIPOINT (0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, -2.00000 0.00000, 0... 2 LINESTRING (0.00000 1.00000, 1.00000 1.00000) 3 LINESTRING (1.00000 1.00000, 3.00000 0.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry We can check if each geometry of GeoSeries touches a single geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> line = LineString([(0, 0), (-1, -2)]) >>> s.touches(line) 0 True 1 True 2 True 3 True dtype: bool We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and compare elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and compare elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s.touches(s2, align=True) 0 False 1 True 2 True 3 False 4 False dtype: bool >>> s.touches(s2, align=False) 0 True 1 False 2 True 3 False dtype: bool Notes ----- This method works in a row-wise manner. It does not check if an element of one GeoSeries ``touches`` *any* element of the other one. See also -------- GeoSeries.overlaps GeoSeries.intersects touchesrarbrrrrosnzGeoPandasBase.touchescCstd|||S)aAReturns a ``Series`` of ``dtype('bool')`` with value ``True`` for each aligned geometry that is within `other`. An object is said to be within `other` if at least one of its points is located in the `interior` and no points are located in the `exterior` of the other. If either object is empty, this operation returns ``False``. This is the inverse of :meth:`contains` in the sense that the expression ``a.within(b) == b.contains(a)`` always evaluates to ``True``. The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : GeoSeries or geometric object The GeoSeries (elementwise) or geometric object to test if each geometry is within. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- Series (bool) Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (0, 1)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... index=range(1, 5), ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 2.00000, 0.... 2 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 3 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 2 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 3 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 1.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry We can check if each geometry of GeoSeries is within a single geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> polygon = Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]) >>> s.within(polygon) 0 True 1 True 2 False 3 False dtype: bool We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and compare elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and compare elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s2.within(s) 0 False 1 False 2 True 3 False 4 False dtype: bool >>> s2.within(s, align=False) 1 True 2 False 3 True 4 True dtype: bool Notes ----- This method works in a row-wise manner. It does not check if an element of one GeoSeries is ``within`` *any* element of the other one. See also -------- GeoSeries.contains withinrarbrrrrp^spzGeoPandasBase.withincCstd|||S)a3 Returns a ``Series`` of ``dtype('bool')`` with value ``True`` for each aligned geometry that is entirely covering `other`. An object A is said to cover another object B if no points of B lie in the exterior of A. If either object is empty, this operation returns ``False``. The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center See https://lin-ear-th-inking.blogspot.com/2007/06/subtleties-of-ogc-covers-spatial.html for reference. Parameters ---------- other : Geoseries or geometric object The Geoseries (elementwise) or geometric object to check is being covered. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- Series (bool) Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (2, 2)]), ... Point(0, 0), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0.5, 0.5), (1.5, 0.5), (1.5, 1.5), (0.5, 1.5)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(1, 1), (1.5, 1.5)]), ... Point(0, 0), ... ], ... index=range(1, 5), ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 0.00000, 2.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 2 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000) 3 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 POLYGON ((0.50000 0.50000, 1.50000 0.50000, 1.... 2 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 0.00000, 2.... 3 LINESTRING (1.00000 1.00000, 1.50000 1.50000) 4 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry We can check if each geometry of GeoSeries covers a single geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> poly = Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]) >>> s.covers(poly) 0 True 1 False 2 False 3 False dtype: bool We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and compare elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and compare elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s.covers(s2, align=True) 0 False 1 False 2 False 3 False 4 False dtype: bool >>> s.covers(s2, align=False) 0 True 1 False 2 True 3 True dtype: bool Notes ----- This method works in a row-wise manner. It does not check if an element of one GeoSeries ``covers`` *any* element of the other one. See also -------- GeoSeries.covered_by GeoSeries.overlaps coversrarbrrrrqspzGeoPandasBase.coverscCstd|||S)a Returns a ``Series`` of ``dtype('bool')`` with value ``True`` for each aligned geometry that is entirely covered by `other`. An object A is said to cover another object B if no points of B lie in the exterior of A. The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center See https://lin-ear-th-inking.blogspot.com/2007/06/subtleties-of-ogc-covers-spatial.html for reference. Parameters ---------- other : Geoseries or geometric object The Geoseries (elementwise) or geometric object to check is being covered. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- Series (bool) Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0.5, 0.5), (1.5, 0.5), (1.5, 1.5), (0.5, 1.5)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(1, 1), (1.5, 1.5)]), ... Point(0, 0), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (2, 2)]), ... Point(0, 0), ... ], ... index=range(1, 5), ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.50000 0.50000, 1.50000 0.50000, 1.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 0.00000, 2.... 2 LINESTRING (1.00000 1.00000, 1.50000 1.50000) 3 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 0.00000, 2.... 2 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 3 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry We can check if each geometry of GeoSeries is covered by a single geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> poly = Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]) >>> s.covered_by(poly) 0 True 1 True 2 True 3 True dtype: bool We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and compare elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and compare elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s.covered_by(s2, align=True) 0 False 1 True 2 True 3 True 4 False dtype: bool >>> s.covered_by(s2, align=False) 0 True 1 False 2 True 3 True dtype: bool Notes ----- This method works in a row-wise manner. It does not check if an element of one GeoSeries is ``covered_by`` *any* element of the other one. See also -------- GeoSeries.covers GeoSeries.overlaps covered_byrarbrrrrrB sozGeoPandasBase.covered_bycCstd|||S)a Returns a ``Series`` containing the distance to aligned `other`. The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : Geoseries or geometric object The Geoseries (elementwise) or geometric object to find the distance to. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- Series (float) Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, 1)]), ... LineString([(1, 1), (0, 0)]), ... Point(0, 0), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0.5, 0.5), (1.5, 0.5), (1.5, 1.5), (0.5, 1.5)]), ... Point(3, 1), ... LineString([(1, 0), (2, 0)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... index=range(1, 5), ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 0.00000, 1.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, -1.00000 0.00000, -... 2 LINESTRING (1.00000 1.00000, 0.00000 0.00000) 3 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 POLYGON ((0.50000 0.50000, 1.50000 0.50000, 1.... 2 POINT (3.00000 1.00000) 3 LINESTRING (1.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 0.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry We can check the distance of each geometry of GeoSeries to a single geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> point = Point(-1, 0) >>> s.distance(point) 0 1.0 1 0.0 2 1.0 3 1.0 dtype: float64 We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and use elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and use elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s.distance(s2, align=True) 0 NaN 1 0.707107 2 2.000000 3 1.000000 4 NaN dtype: float64 >>> s.distance(s2, align=False) 0 0.000000 1 3.162278 2 0.707107 3 1.000000 dtype: float64 rRrarbrrrrR s^zGeoPandasBase.distanceNcCstd||||dS)aReturns a ``Series`` containing the Hausdorff distance to aligned `other`. The Hausdorff distance is the largest distance consisting of any point in `self` with the nearest point in `other`. The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : GeoSeries or geometric object The Geoseries (elementwise) or geometric object to find the distance to. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. densify : float (default None) A value between 0 and 1, that splits each subsegment of a line string into equal length segments, making the approximation less coarse. A densify value of 0.5 will add a point halfway between each pair of points. A densify value of 0.25 will add a point a quarter of the way between each pair of points. Returns ------- Series (float) Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, 1)]), ... LineString([(1, 1), (0, 0)]), ... Point(0, 0), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0.5, 0.5), (1.5, 0.5), (1.5, 1.5), (0.5, 1.5)]), ... Point(3, 1), ... LineString([(1, 0), (2, 0)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... index=range(1, 5), ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 0.00000, 1.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, -1.00000 0.00000, -... 2 LINESTRING (1.00000 1.00000, 0.00000 0.00000) 3 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 POLYGON ((0.50000 0.50000, 1.50000 0.50000, 1.... 2 POINT (3.00000 1.00000) 3 LINESTRING (1.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 0.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry We can check the hausdorff distance of each geometry of GeoSeries to a single geometry: >>> point = Point(-1, 0) >>> s.hausdorff_distance(point) 0 2.236068 1 1.000000 2 2.236068 3 1.000000 dtype: float64 We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and use elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and use elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s.hausdorff_distance(s2, align=True) 0 NaN 1 2.121320 2 3.162278 3 2.000000 4 NaN dtype: float64 >>> s.hausdorff_distance(s2, align=False) 0 0.707107 1 4.123106 2 1.414214 3 1.000000 dtype: float64 We can also set a densify value, which is a float between 0 and 1 and signifies the fraction of the distance between each pair of points that will be used as the distance between the points when densifying. >>> l1 = geopandas.GeoSeries([LineString([(130, 0), (0, 0), (0, 150)])]) >>> l2 = geopandas.GeoSeries([LineString([(10, 10), (10, 150), (130, 10)])]) >>> l1.hausdorff_distance(l2) 0 14.142136 dtype: float64 >>> l1.hausdorff_distance(l2, densify=0.25) 0 70.0 dtype: float64 hausdorff_distancedensifyrar3r!rrurrrrs sqz GeoPandasBase.hausdorff_distancecCstd||||dS)uReturns a ``Series`` containing the Frechet distance to aligned `other`. The Fréchet distance is a measure of similarity: it is the greatest distance between any point in A and the closest point in B. The discrete distance is an approximation of this metric: only vertices are considered. The parameter ``densify`` makes this approximation less coarse by splitting the line segments between vertices before computing the distance. Fréchet distance sweep continuously along their respective curves and the direction of curves is significant. This makes it a better measure of similarity than Hausdorff distance for curve or surface matching. The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : GeoSeries or geometric object The Geoseries (elementwise) or geometric object to find the distance to. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. densify : float (default None) A value between 0 and 1, that splits each subsegment of a line string into equal length segments, making the approximation less coarse. A densify value of 0.5 will add a point halfway between each pair of points. A densify value of 0.25 will add a point every quarter of the way between each pair of points. Returns ------- Series (float) Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, 1)]), ... LineString([(1, 1), (0, 0)]), ... Point(0, 0), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0.5, 0.5), (1.5, 0.5), (1.5, 1.5), (0.5, 1.5)]), ... Point(3, 1), ... LineString([(1, 0), (2, 0)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... index=range(1, 5), ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 0.00000, 1.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, -1.00000 0.00000, -... 2 LINESTRING (1.00000 1.00000, 0.00000 0.00000) 3 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 POLYGON ((0.50000 0.50000, 1.50000 0.50000, 1.... 2 POINT (3.00000 1.00000) 3 LINESTRING (1.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 0.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry We can check the frechet distance of each geometry of GeoSeries to a single geometry: >>> point = Point(-1, 0) >>> s.frechet_distance(point) 0 2.236068 1 1.000000 2 2.236068 3 1.000000 dtype: float64 We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and use elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and use elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s.frechet_distance(s2, align=True) 0 NaN 1 2.121320 2 3.162278 3 2.000000 4 NaN dtype: float64 >>> s.frechet_distance(s2, align=False) 0 0.707107 1 4.123106 2 2.000000 3 1.000000 dtype: float64 We can also set a ``densify`` value, which is a float between 0 and 1 and signifies the fraction of the distance between each pair of points that will be used as the distance between the points when densifying. >>> l1 = geopandas.GeoSeries([LineString([(0, 0), (10, 0), (0, 15)])]) >>> l2 = geopandas.GeoSeries([LineString([(0, 0), (20, 15), (9, 11)])]) >>> l1.frechet_distance(l2) 0 18.027756 dtype: float64 >>> l1.frechet_distance(l2, densify=0.25) 0 16.77051 dtype: float64 frechet_distancertrarvrrrrw stzGeoPandasBase.frechet_distancecCstd|||S)a=Returns a ``GeoSeries`` of the points in each aligned geometry that are not in `other`. .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_geo-difference.svg :align: center The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : Geoseries or geometric object The Geoseries (elementwise) or geometric object to find the difference to. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- GeoSeries Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (2, 2)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(1, 0), (1, 3)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(1, 1), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... index=range(1, 6), ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 2 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000) 3 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 2 LINESTRING (1.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 3.00000) 3 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 4 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 5 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry We can do difference of each geometry and a single shapely geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> s.difference(Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)])) 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 2.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 1.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 2.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 1.... 2 LINESTRING (1.00000 1.00000, 2.00000 2.00000) 3 MULTILINESTRING ((2.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.0... 4 POINT EMPTY dtype: geometry We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and compare elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and compare elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s.difference(s2, align=True) 0 None 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 2.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 1.... 2 MULTILINESTRING ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.0... 3 LINESTRING Z EMPTY 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) 5 None dtype: geometry >>> s.difference(s2, align=False) 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 2.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 1.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000, 1.... 2 MULTILINESTRING ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.0... 3 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 4 POINT EMPTY dtype: geometry See Also -------- GeoSeries.symmetric_difference GeoSeries.union GeoSeries.intersection differencer+rbrrrrx smzGeoPandasBase.differencecCstd|||S)a Returns a ``GeoSeries`` of the symmetric difference of points in each aligned geometry with `other`. For each geometry, the symmetric difference consists of points in the geometry not in `other`, and points in `other` not in the geometry. .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_geo-symm_diff.svg :align: center The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : Geoseries or geometric object The Geoseries (elementwise) or geometric object to find the symmetric difference to. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- GeoSeries Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (2, 2)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(1, 0), (1, 3)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(1, 1), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... index=range(1, 6), ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 2 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000) 3 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 2 LINESTRING (1.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 3.00000) 3 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 4 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 5 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry We can do symmetric difference of each geometry and a single shapely geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> s.symmetric_difference(Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)])) 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 2.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 1.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 2.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 1.... 2 GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000,... 3 GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000,... 4 POLYGON ((0.00000 1.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... dtype: geometry We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and compare elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and compare elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s.symmetric_difference(s2, align=True) 0 None 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 2.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 1.... 2 MULTILINESTRING ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.0... 3 LINESTRING Z EMPTY 4 MULTIPOINT (0.00000 1.00000, 1.00000 1.00000) 5 None dtype: geometry >>> s.symmetric_difference(s2, align=False) 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 2.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 1.... 1 GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000,... 2 MULTILINESTRING ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.0... 3 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 4 POINT EMPTY dtype: geometry See Also -------- GeoSeries.difference GeoSeries.union GeoSeries.intersection symmetric_differenceryrbrrrrzo sqz"GeoPandasBase.symmetric_differencecCstd|||S)a&Returns a ``GeoSeries`` of the union of points in each aligned geometry with `other`. .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_geo-union.svg :align: center The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : Geoseries or geometric object The Geoseries (elementwise) or geometric object to find the union with. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- GeoSeries Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (2, 2)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(1, 0), (1, 3)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(1, 1), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... index=range(1, 6), ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 2 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000) 3 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 2 LINESTRING (1.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 3.00000) 3 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 4 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 5 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry We can do union of each geometry and a single shapely geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> s.union(Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)])) 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 1.00000, 0.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 1.00000, 0.... 2 GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000,... 3 GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000,... 4 POLYGON ((0.00000 1.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... dtype: geometry We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and compare elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and compare elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s.union(s2, align=True) 0 None 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 1.00000, 0.... 2 MULTILINESTRING ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.0... 3 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 4 MULTIPOINT (0.00000 1.00000, 1.00000 1.00000) 5 None dtype: geometry >>> s.union(s2, align=False) 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 1.00000, 0.... 1 GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000,... 2 MULTILINESTRING ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.0... 3 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry See Also -------- GeoSeries.symmetric_difference GeoSeries.difference GeoSeries.intersection unionryrbrrrr{ sozGeoPandasBase.unioncCstd|||S)aUReturns a ``GeoSeries`` of the intersection of points in each aligned geometry with `other`. .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_geo-intersection.svg :align: center The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : Geoseries or geometric object The Geoseries (elementwise) or geometric object to find the intersection with. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- GeoSeries Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (2, 2)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(1, 0), (1, 3)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(1, 1), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... index=range(1, 6), ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 2 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000) 3 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 2 LINESTRING (1.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 3.00000) 3 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 4 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 5 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry We can also do intersection of each geometry and a single shapely geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> s.intersection(Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)])) 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 1.00000, 1.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 1.00000, 1.... 2 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000) 3 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and compare elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and compare elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s.intersection(s2, align=True) 0 None 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 1.00000, 1.... 2 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 3 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 4 POINT EMPTY 5 None dtype: geometry >>> s.intersection(s2, align=False) 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 1.00000, 1.... 1 LINESTRING (1.00000 1.00000, 1.00000 2.00000) 2 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 3 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry See Also -------- GeoSeries.difference GeoSeries.symmetric_difference GeoSeries.union intersectionryrbrrrr|S sozGeoPandasBase.intersectioncCs:ddlm}t|jj}|||||}|||j|jdS)a Returns a ``GeoSeries`` of the portions of geometry within the given rectangle. Note that the results are not exactly equal to :meth:`~GeoSeries.intersection()`. E.g. in edge cases, :meth:`~GeoSeries.clip_by_rect()` will not return a point just touching the rectangle. Check the examples section below for some of these exceptions. The geometry is clipped in a fast but possibly dirty way. The output is not guaranteed to be valid. No exceptions will be raised for topological errors. Note: empty geometries or geometries that do not overlap with the specified bounds will result in ``GEOMETRYCOLLECTION EMPTY``. Parameters ---------- xmin: float Minimum x value of the rectangle ymin: float Minimum y value of the rectangle xmax: float Maximum x value of the rectangle ymax: float Maximum y value of the rectangle Returns ------- GeoSeries Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (2, 2)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... crs=3857, ... ) >>> bounds = (0, 0, 1, 1) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.000 0.000, 2.000 2.000, 0.000 2.00... 1 POLYGON ((0.000 0.000, 2.000 2.000, 0.000 2.00... 2 LINESTRING (0.000 0.000, 2.000 2.000) 3 LINESTRING (2.000 0.000, 0.000 2.000) 4 POINT (0.000 1.000) dtype: geometry >>> s.clip_by_rect(*bounds) 0 POLYGON ((0.000 0.000, 0.000 1.000, 1.000 1.00... 1 POLYGON ((0.000 0.000, 0.000 1.000, 1.000 1.00... 2 LINESTRING (0.000 0.000, 1.000 1.000) 3 GEOMETRYCOLLECTION EMPTY 4 GEOMETRYCOLLECTION EMPTY dtype: geometry See also -------- GeoSeries.intersection rr&r()r*r'r rr clip_by_rectrr))r3xminyminxmaxymaxr'Zgeometry_arrayZclipped_geometryrrrr} s?  zGeoPandasBase.clip_by_rectcCstd|||S)a  Returns the shortest two-point line between two geometries. The resulting line consists of two points, representing the nearest points between the geometry pair. The line always starts in the first geometry a and ends in he second geometry b. The endpoints of the line will not necessarily be existing vertices of the input geometries a and b, but can also be a point along a line segment. The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : Geoseries or geometric object The Geoseries (elementwise) or geometric object to find the shortest line with. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- GeoSeries Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (2, 2)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... crs=5514 ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.000 0.000, 2.000 2.000, 0.000 2.00... 1 POLYGON ((0.000 0.000, 2.000 2.000, 0.000 2.00... 2 LINESTRING (0.000 0.000, 2.000 2.000) 3 LINESTRING (2.000 0.000, 0.000 2.000) 4 POINT (0.000 1.000) dtype: geometry We can also do intersection of each geometry and a single shapely geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> p = Point(3, 3) >>> s.shortest_line(p) 0 LINESTRING (2.000 2.000, 3.000 3.000) 1 LINESTRING (2.000 2.000, 3.000 3.000) 2 LINESTRING (2.000 2.000, 3.000 3.000) 3 LINESTRING (1.000 1.000, 3.000 3.000) 4 LINESTRING (0.000 1.000, 3.000 3.000) dtype: geometry We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices than the one below. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and compare elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and compare elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0.5, 0.5), (1.5, 0.5), (1.5, 1.5), (0.5, 1.5)]), ... Point(3, 1), ... LineString([(1, 0), (2, 0)]), ... Point(10, 15), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... index=range(1, 6), ... crs=5514, ... ) >>> s.shortest_line(s2, align=True) 0 None 1 LINESTRING (0.500 0.500, 0.500 0.500) 2 LINESTRING (2.000 2.000, 3.000 1.000) 3 LINESTRING (2.000 0.000, 2.000 0.000) 4 LINESTRING (0.000 1.000, 10.000 15.000) 5 None dtype: geometry >>> s.shortest_line(s2, align=False) 0 LINESTRING (0.500 0.500, 0.500 0.500) 1 LINESTRING (2.000 2.000, 3.000 1.000) 2 LINESTRING (0.500 0.500, 1.000 0.000) 3 LINESTRING (0.000 2.000, 10.000 15.000) 4 LINESTRING (0.000 1.000, 0.000 1.000) dtype: geometry shortest_lineryrbrrrr sezGeoPandasBase.shortest_linecCs"t|jjj}t|gd|jdS)aReturns a ``DataFrame`` with columns ``minx``, ``miny``, ``maxx``, ``maxy`` values containing the bounds for each geometry. See ``GeoSeries.total_bounds`` for the limits of the entire series. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Point, Polygon, LineString >>> d = {'geometry': [Point(2, 1), Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)]), ... LineString([(0, 1), (1, 2)])]} >>> gdf = geopandas.GeoDataFrame(d, crs="EPSG:4326") >>> gdf.bounds minx miny maxx maxy 0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 2 0.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 You can assign the bounds to the ``GeoDataFrame`` as: >>> import pandas as pd >>> gdf = pd.concat([gdf, gdf.bounds], axis=1) >>> gdf geometry minx miny maxx maxy 0 POINT (2.00000 1.00000) 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 1.... 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 2 LINESTRING (0.00000 1.00000, 1.00000 2.00000) 0.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 )ZminxZminyZmaxxZmaxy)columnsr)r rrboundsrr)r3rrrrrt s zGeoPandasBase.boundscCst|jjjS)aEReturns a tuple containing ``minx``, ``miny``, ``maxx``, ``maxy`` values for the bounds of the series as a whole. See ``GeoSeries.bounds`` for the bounds of the geometries contained in the series. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Point, Polygon, LineString >>> d = {'geometry': [Point(3, -1), Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)]), ... LineString([(0, 1), (1, 2)])]} >>> gdf = geopandas.GeoDataFrame(d, crs="EPSG:4326") >>> gdf.total_bounds array([ 0., -1., 3., 2.]) )r rr total_boundsr2rrrr szGeoPandasBase.total_boundscCs |jjjS)aGenerate the spatial index Creates R-tree spatial index based on ``pygeos.STRtree`` or ``rtree.index.Index``. Note that the spatial index may not be fully initialized until the first use. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import box >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries(geopandas.points_from_xy(range(5), range(5))) >>> s 0 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) 1 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 2 POINT (2.00000 2.00000) 3 POINT (3.00000 3.00000) 4 POINT (4.00000 4.00000) dtype: geometry Query the spatial index with a single geometry based on the bounding box: >>> s.sindex.query(box(1, 1, 3, 3)) array([1, 2, 3]) Query the spatial index with a single geometry based on the predicate: >>> s.sindex.query(box(1, 1, 3, 3), predicate="contains") array([2]) Query the spatial index with an array of geometries based on the bounding box: >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries([box(1, 1, 3, 3), box(4, 4, 5, 5)]) >>> s2 0 POLYGON ((3.00000 1.00000, 3.00000 3.00000, 1.... 1 POLYGON ((5.00000 4.00000, 5.00000 5.00000, 4.... dtype: geometry >>> s.sindex.query(s2) array([[0, 0, 0, 1], [1, 2, 3, 4]]) Query the spatial index with an array of geometries based on the predicate: >>> s.sindex.query(s2, predicate="contains") array([[0], [2]]) )rrsindexr2rrrr s3zGeoPandasBase.sindexcCs |jjjS)aCCheck the existence of the spatial index without generating it. Use the `.sindex` attribute on a GeoDataFrame or GeoSeries to generate a spatial index if it does not yet exist, which may take considerable time based on the underlying index implementation. Note that the underlying spatial index may not be fully initialized until the first use. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Point >>> d = {'geometry': [Point(1, 2), Point(2, 1)]} >>> gdf = geopandas.GeoDataFrame(d) >>> gdf.has_sindex False >>> index = gdf.sindex >>> gdf.has_sindex True Returns ------- bool `True` if the spatial index has been generated or `False` if not. )rr has_sindexr2rrrr szGeoPandasBase.has_sindexcKsDt|tjr,|j|js"tdt|}td||fd|i|S)aReturns a ``GeoSeries`` of geometries representing all points within a given ``distance`` of each geometric object. See http://shapely.readthedocs.io/en/latest/manual.html#object.buffer for details. Parameters ---------- distance : float, np.array, pd.Series The radius of the buffer. If np.array or pd.Series are used then it must have same length as the GeoSeries. resolution : int (optional, default 16) The resolution of the buffer around each vertex. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Point, LineString, Polygon >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Point(0, 0), ... LineString([(1, -1), (1, 0), (2, 0), (2, 1)]), ... Polygon([(3, -1), (4, 0), (3, 1)]), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) 1 LINESTRING (1.00000 -1.00000, 1.00000 0.00000,... 2 POLYGON ((3.00000 -1.00000, 4.00000 0.00000, 3... dtype: geometry >>> s.buffer(0.2) 0 POLYGON ((0.20000 0.00000, 0.19904 -0.01960, 0... 1 POLYGON ((0.80000 0.00000, 0.80096 0.01960, 0.... 2 POLYGON ((2.80000 -1.00000, 2.80000 1.00000, 2... dtype: geometry ``**kwargs`` accept further specification as ``join_style`` and ``cap_style``. See the following illustration of different options. .. plot:: _static/code/buffer.py NIndex values of distance sequence does not match index values of the GeoSeriesbuffer resolution rpdrrr ValueErrornpZasarrayr/)r3rRrr#rrrr s,  zGeoPandasBase.buffercOstd|g|Ri|S)uReturns a ``GeoSeries`` containing a simplified representation of each geometry. The algorithm (Douglas-Peucker) recursively splits the original line into smaller parts and connects these parts’ endpoints by a straight line. Then, it removes all points whose distance to the straight line is smaller than `tolerance`. It does not move any points and it always preserves endpoints of the original line or polygon. See http://shapely.readthedocs.io/en/latest/manual.html#object.simplify for details Parameters ---------- tolerance : float All parts of a simplified geometry will be no more than `tolerance` distance from the original. It has the same units as the coordinate reference system of the GeoSeries. For example, using `tolerance=100` in a projected CRS with meters as units means a distance of 100 meters in reality. preserve_topology: bool (default True) False uses a quicker algorithm, but may produce self-intersecting or otherwise invalid geometries. Notes ----- Invalid geometric objects may result from simplification that does not preserve topology and simplification may be sensitive to the order of coordinates: two geometries differing only in order of coordinates may be simplified differently. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Point, LineString >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [Point(0, 0).buffer(1), LineString([(0, 0), (1, 10), (0, 20)])] ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((1.00000 0.00000, 0.99518 -0.09802, 0... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 10.00000,... dtype: geometry >>> s.simplify(1) 0 POLYGON ((1.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 -1.00000, -... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 20.00000) dtype: geometry simplifyrC)r3r"r#rrrr6s0zGeoPandasBase.simplifycCstd|||S)a4 Returns the DE-9IM intersection matrices for the geometries The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center Parameters ---------- other : BaseGeometry or GeoSeries The other geometry to computed the DE-9IM intersection matrices from. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- spatial_relations: Series of strings The DE-9IM intersection matrices which describe the spatial relations of the other geometry. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (2, 2)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)]), ... LineString([(1, 0), (1, 3)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... Point(1, 1), ... Point(0, 1), ... ], ... index=range(1, 6), ... ) >>> s 0 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000, 0.... 2 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000) 3 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 4 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 POLYGON ((0.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 1.00000, 0.... 2 LINESTRING (1.00000 0.00000, 1.00000 3.00000) 3 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) 4 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 5 POINT (0.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry We can relate each geometry and a single shapely geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> s.relate(Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)])) 0 212F11FF2 1 212F11FF2 2 F11F00212 3 F01FF0212 4 F0FFFF212 dtype: object We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and compare elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and compare elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s.relate(s2, align=True) 0 None 1 212F11FF2 2 0F1FF0102 3 1FFF0FFF2 4 FF0FFF0F2 5 None dtype: object >>> s.relate(s2, align=False) 0 212F11FF2 1 1F20F1102 2 0F1FF0102 3 0F1FF0FF2 4 0FFFFFFF2 dtype: object relaterarbrrrrhsgzGeoPandasBase.relatecCstd||||dS)a Return the distance along each geometry nearest to *other* The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-01.svg :align: center The project method is the inverse of interpolate. Parameters ---------- other : BaseGeometry or GeoSeries The *other* geometry to computed projected point from. normalized : boolean If normalized is True, return the distance normalized to the length of the object. align : bool (default True) If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. If False, the order of elements is preserved. Returns ------- Series Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... LineString([(0, 0), (2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... LineString([(0, 0), (2, 2)]), ... LineString([(2, 0), (0, 2)]), ... ], ... ) >>> s2 = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Point(1, 0), ... Point(1, 0), ... Point(2, 1), ... ], ... index=range(1, 4), ... ) >>> s 0 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 0.00000, ... 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 2.00000 2.00000) 2 LINESTRING (2.00000 0.00000, 0.00000 2.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s2 1 POINT (1.00000 0.00000) 2 POINT (1.00000 0.00000) 3 POINT (2.00000 1.00000) dtype: geometry We can project each geometry on a single shapely geometry: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-03.svg :align: center >>> s.project(Point(1, 0)) 0 1.000000 1 0.707107 2 0.707107 dtype: float64 We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row. The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries based on index values and project elements with the same index using ``align=True`` or ignore index and project elements based on their matching order using ``align=False``: .. image:: ../../../_static/binary_op-02.svg >>> s.project(s2, align=True) 0 NaN 1 0.707107 2 0.707107 3 NaN dtype: float64 >>> s.project(s2, align=False) 0 1.000000 1 0.707107 2 0.707107 dtype: float64 See also -------- GeoSeries.interpolate project) normalizedrra)r3r!rrrrrrs_zGeoPandasBase.projectcCs<t|tjr,|j|js"tdt|}td|||dS)a Return a point at the specified distance along each geometry Parameters ---------- distance : float or Series of floats Distance(s) along the geometries at which a point should be returned. If np.array or pd.Series are used then it must have same length as the GeoSeries. normalized : boolean If normalized is True, distance will be interpreted as a fraction of the geometric object's length. r interpolate)rr)r3rRrrrrr2s  zGeoPandasBase.interpolatecCs td||S)ahReturn a ``GeoSeries`` with translated geometries. See http://shapely.readthedocs.io/en/stable/manual.html#shapely.affinity.affine_transform for details. Parameters ---------- matrix: List or tuple 6 or 12 items for 2D or 3D transformations respectively. For 2D affine transformations, the 6 parameter matrix is ``[a, b, d, e, xoff, yoff]`` For 3D affine transformations, the 12 parameter matrix is ``[a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, xoff, yoff, zoff]`` Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Point, LineString, Polygon >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Point(1, 1), ... LineString([(1, -1), (1, 0)]), ... Polygon([(3, -1), (4, 0), (3, 1)]), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 1 LINESTRING (1.00000 -1.00000, 1.00000 0.00000) 2 POLYGON ((3.00000 -1.00000, 4.00000 0.00000, 3... dtype: geometry >>> s.affine_transform([2, 3, 2, 4, 5, 2]) 0 POINT (10.00000 8.00000) 1 LINESTRING (4.00000 0.00000, 7.00000 4.00000) 2 POLYGON ((8.00000 4.00000, 13.00000 10.00000, ... dtype: geometry affine_transformrC)r3matrixrrrrKs(zGeoPandasBase.affine_transformcCstd||||S)aReturns a ``GeoSeries`` with translated geometries. See http://shapely.readthedocs.io/en/latest/manual.html#shapely.affinity.translate for details. Parameters ---------- xoff, yoff, zoff : float, float, float Amount of offset along each dimension. xoff, yoff, and zoff for translation along the x, y, and z dimensions respectively. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Point, LineString, Polygon >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Point(1, 1), ... LineString([(1, -1), (1, 0)]), ... Polygon([(3, -1), (4, 0), (3, 1)]), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 1 LINESTRING (1.00000 -1.00000, 1.00000 0.00000) 2 POLYGON ((3.00000 -1.00000, 4.00000 0.00000, 3... dtype: geometry >>> s.translate(2, 3) 0 POINT (3.00000 4.00000) 1 LINESTRING (3.00000 2.00000, 3.00000 3.00000) 2 POLYGON ((5.00000 2.00000, 6.00000 3.00000, 5.... dtype: geometry translaterC)r3ZxoffZyoffZzoffrrrrus$zGeoPandasBase.translatecentercCstd||||dS)aCReturns a ``GeoSeries`` with rotated geometries. See http://shapely.readthedocs.io/en/latest/manual.html#shapely.affinity.rotate for details. Parameters ---------- angle : float The angle of rotation can be specified in either degrees (default) or radians by setting use_radians=True. Positive angles are counter-clockwise and negative are clockwise rotations. origin : string, Point, or tuple (x, y) The point of origin can be a keyword 'center' for the bounding box center (default), 'centroid' for the geometry's centroid, a Point object or a coordinate tuple (x, y). use_radians : boolean Whether to interpret the angle of rotation as degrees or radians Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Point, LineString, Polygon >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Point(1, 1), ... LineString([(1, -1), (1, 0)]), ... Polygon([(3, -1), (4, 0), (3, 1)]), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 1 LINESTRING (1.00000 -1.00000, 1.00000 0.00000) 2 POLYGON ((3.00000 -1.00000, 4.00000 0.00000, 3... dtype: geometry >>> s.rotate(90) 0 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 1 LINESTRING (1.50000 -0.50000, 0.50000 -0.50000) 2 POLYGON ((4.50000 -0.50000, 3.50000 0.50000, 2... dtype: geometry >>> s.rotate(90, origin=(0, 0)) 0 POINT (-1.00000 1.00000) 1 LINESTRING (1.00000 1.00000, 0.00000 1.00000) 2 POLYGON ((1.00000 3.00000, 0.00000 4.00000, -1... dtype: geometry rotateorigin use_radiansrC)r3Zanglerrrrrrs0 zGeoPandasBase.rotate?cCstd|||||dS)aReturns a ``GeoSeries`` with scaled geometries. The geometries can be scaled by different factors along each dimension. Negative scale factors will mirror or reflect coordinates. See http://shapely.readthedocs.io/en/latest/manual.html#shapely.affinity.scale for details. Parameters ---------- xfact, yfact, zfact : float, float, float Scaling factors for the x, y, and z dimensions respectively. origin : string, Point, or tuple The point of origin can be a keyword 'center' for the 2D bounding box center (default), 'centroid' for the geometry's 2D centroid, a Point object or a coordinate tuple (x, y, z). Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Point, LineString, Polygon >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Point(1, 1), ... LineString([(1, -1), (1, 0)]), ... Polygon([(3, -1), (4, 0), (3, 1)]), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 1 LINESTRING (1.00000 -1.00000, 1.00000 0.00000) 2 POLYGON ((3.00000 -1.00000, 4.00000 0.00000, 3... dtype: geometry >>> s.scale(2, 3) 0 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 1 LINESTRING (1.00000 -2.00000, 1.00000 1.00000) 2 POLYGON ((2.50000 -3.00000, 4.50000 0.00000, 2... dtype: geometry >>> s.scale(2, 3, origin=(0, 0)) 0 POINT (2.00000 3.00000) 1 LINESTRING (2.00000 -3.00000, 2.00000 0.00000) 2 POLYGON ((6.00000 -3.00000, 8.00000 0.00000, 6... dtype: geometry scale)rrC)r3ZxfactZyfactZzfactrrrrrs.zGeoPandasBase.scalecCstd|||||dS)anReturns a ``GeoSeries`` with skewed geometries. The geometries are sheared by angles along the x and y dimensions. See http://shapely.readthedocs.io/en/latest/manual.html#shapely.affinity.skew for details. Parameters ---------- xs, ys : float, float The shear angle(s) for the x and y axes respectively. These can be specified in either degrees (default) or radians by setting use_radians=True. origin : string, Point, or tuple (x, y) The point of origin can be a keyword 'center' for the bounding box center (default), 'centroid' for the geometry's centroid, a Point object or a coordinate tuple (x, y). use_radians : boolean Whether to interpret the shear angle(s) as degrees or radians Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Point, LineString, Polygon >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Point(1, 1), ... LineString([(1, -1), (1, 0)]), ... Polygon([(3, -1), (4, 0), (3, 1)]), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 1 LINESTRING (1.00000 -1.00000, 1.00000 0.00000) 2 POLYGON ((3.00000 -1.00000, 4.00000 0.00000, 3... dtype: geometry >>> s.skew(45, 30) 0 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 1 LINESTRING (0.50000 -1.00000, 1.50000 0.00000) 2 POLYGON ((2.00000 -1.28868, 4.00000 0.28868, 4... dtype: geometry >>> s.skew(45, 30, origin=(0, 0)) 0 POINT (2.00000 1.57735) 1 LINESTRING (0.00000 -0.42265, 1.00000 0.57735) 2 POLYGON ((2.00000 0.73205, 4.00000 2.30940, 4.... dtype: geometry skewrrC)r3xsysrrrrrrs1 zGeoPandasBase.skewcCst|S)a Coordinate based indexer to select by intersection with bounding box. Format of input should be ``.cx[xmin:xmax, ymin:ymax]``. Any of ``xmin``, ``xmax``, ``ymin``, and ``ymax`` can be provided, but input must include a comma separating x and y slices. That is, ``.cx[:, :]`` will return the full series/frame, but ``.cx[:]`` is not implemented. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import LineString, Point >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [Point(0, 0), Point(1, 2), Point(3, 3), LineString([(0, 0), (3, 3)])] ... ) >>> s 0 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) 1 POINT (1.00000 2.00000) 2 POINT (3.00000 3.00000) 3 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 3.00000 3.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s.cx[0:1, 0:1] 0 POINT (0.00000 0.00000) 3 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 3.00000 3.00000) dtype: geometry >>> s.cx[:, 1:] 1 POINT (1.00000 2.00000) 2 POINT (3.00000 3.00000) 3 LINESTRING (0.00000 0.00000, 3.00000 3.00000) dtype: geometry )_CoordinateIndexerr2rrrcx4s#zGeoPandasBase.cxc Cstjr*ddl}|j|jjj|dd\}}nDtjrTddl}|j|jjj|dd\}}nddl}t d|j dddg}|r| d t |j |||d } tj|| |d S) uGets coordinates from a :class:`GeoSeries` as a :class:`~pandas.DataFrame` of floats. The shape of the returned :class:`~pandas.DataFrame` is (N, 2), with N being the number of coordinate pairs. With the default of ``include_z=False``, three-dimensional data is ignored. When specifying ``include_z=True``, the shape of the returned :class:`~pandas.DataFrame` is (N, 3). Parameters ---------- include_z : bool, default False Include Z coordinates ignore_index : bool, default False If True, the resulting index will be labelled 0, 1, …, n - 1, ignoring ``index_parts``. index_parts : bool, default False If True, the resulting index will be a :class:`~pandas.MultiIndex` (original index with an additional level indicating the ordering of the coordinate pairs: a new zero-based index for each geometry in the original GeoSeries). Returns ------- pandas.DataFrame Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Point, LineString, Polygon >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Point(1, 1), ... LineString([(1, -1), (1, 0)]), ... Polygon([(3, -1), (4, 0), (3, 1)]), ... ] ... ) >>> s 0 POINT (1.00000 1.00000) 1 LINESTRING (1.00000 -1.00000, 1.00000 0.00000) 2 POLYGON ((3.00000 -1.00000, 4.00000 0.00000, 3... dtype: geometry >>> s.get_coordinates() x y 0 1.0 1.0 1 1.0 -1.0 1 1.0 0.0 2 3.0 -1.0 2 4.0 0.0 2 3.0 1.0 2 3.0 -1.0 >>> s.get_coordinates(ignore_index=True) x y 0 1.0 1.0 1 1.0 -1.0 2 1.0 0.0 3 3.0 -1.0 4 4.0 0.0 5 3.0 1.0 6 3.0 -1.0 >>> s.get_coordinates(index_parts=True) x y 0 0 1.0 1.0 1 0 1.0 -1.0 1 1.0 0.0 2 0 3.0 -1.0 1 4.0 0.0 2 3.0 1.0 3 3.0 -1.0 rNT) include_zZ return_indexz/shapely >= 2.0 or PyGEOS are required, version z is installed.xyz) ignore_index index_parts)rr)compatZUSE_SHAPELY_20shapelyget_coordinatesrr_dataZ USE_PYGEOSpygeosNotImplementedError __version__append_get_index_for_partsrrr) r3rrrrZcoords outer_idxrZ column_namesrrrrrYs4G   zGeoPandasBase.get_coordinatescCs0ddlm}||jj||d}tj||jddS)a Calculate the distance along a Hilbert curve. The distances are calculated for the midpoints of the geometries in the GeoDataFrame, and using the total bounds of the GeoDataFrame. The Hilbert distance can be used to spatially sort GeoPandas objects, by mapping two dimensional geometries along the Hilbert curve. Parameters ---------- total_bounds : 4-element array, optional The spatial extent in which the curve is constructed (used to rescale the geometry midpoints). By default, the total bounds of the full GeoDataFrame or GeoSeries will be computed. If known, you can pass the total bounds to avoid this extra computation. level : int (1 - 16), default 16 Determines the precision of the curve (points on the curve will have coordinates in the range [0, 2^level - 1]). Returns ------- Series Series containing distance along the curve for geometry r)_hilbert_distance)rlevelhilbert_distance)rname)Zgeopandas.tools.hilbert_curverrrrrr)r3rrrZ distancesrrrrs   zGeoPandasBase.hilbert_distanceuniformc  sddlm}ddlm|dur2tdtdd||dkrztjj rffd d t |j D}q|j j d }nTt d d |d}t|j|std|dt|j||j fdd}||d|j|jdS)a Sample points from each geometry. Generate a MultiPoint per each geometry containing points sampled from the geometry. You can either sample randomly from a uniform distribution or use an advanced sampling algorithm from the ``pointpats`` package. For polygons, this samples within the area of the polygon. For lines, this samples along the length of the linestring. For multi-part geometries, the weights of each part are selected according to their relevant attribute (area for Polygons, length for LineStrings), and then points are sampled from each part. Any other geometry type (e.g. Point, GeometryCollection) is ignored, and an empty MultiPoint geometry is returned. Parameters ---------- size : int | array-like The size of the sample requested. Indicates the number of samples to draw from each geometry. If an array of the same length as a GeoSeries is passed, it denotes the size of a sample per geometry. method : str, default "uniform" The sampling method. ``uniform`` samples uniformly at random from a geometry using ``numpy.random.uniform``. Other allowed strings (e.g. ``"cluster_poisson"``) denote sampling function name from the ``pointpats.random`` module (see http://pysal.org/pointpats/api.html#random-distributions). Pointpats methods are implemented for (Multi)Polygons only and will return an empty MultiPoint for other geometry types. rng : {None, int, array_like[ints], SeedSequence, BitGenerator, Generator}, optional A random generator or seed to initialize the numpy BitGenerator. If None, then fresh, unpredictable entropy will be pulled from the OS. **kwargs : dict Options for the pointpats sampling algorithms. Returns ------- GeoSeries Points sampled within (or along) each geometry. Examples -------- >>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon >>> s = geopandas.GeoSeries( ... [ ... Polygon([(1, -1), (1, 0), (0, 0)]), ... Polygon([(3, -1), (4, 0), (3, 1)]), ... ] ... ) >>> s.sample_points(size=10) # doctest: +SKIP 0 MULTIPOINT (0.04783 -0.04244, 0.24196 -0.09052... 1 MULTIPOINT (3.00672 -0.52390, 3.01776 0.30065,... Name: sampled_points, dtype: geometry rr&)rNz4The 'seed' keyword is deprecated. Use 'rng' instead.r\rrcsg|]\}}||qSrr).0Zgeoms)rngrrr *z/GeoPandasBase.sample_points..)sizer pointpatszXFor complex sampling methods, the pointpats module is required. 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"' -   s n N B q e o o p r r q ` s z o s q qE k !  4  82 i a * & 4 0 5 $ i "rc s|rdSt|rztjd|dd|ddkf}ttjt|dt|f}|j|jd}|t|||8}ng}|||r̈j }fddt |D}| |t j j||jdgd } n} | S) aHelper to handle index when geometries get exploded to parts. Used in get_coordinates and explode. 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